There were different social setup in the later vedic period. later Vedic age saw division of the society into 4 parts based on occupation with the Priests (Brahmins), the Warriors (Kshtariyas), farmers and traders (Vaishyas) and Shudras (cleaners and servants) which later formed strong divide in the form of Casteism still practiced in some parts of Modern India.
Casteism In India still prevails. Despite casteism reduction in India, caste-based violence occurs in India frequently. Ranvir Sena, one caste supremacist fringe from Bihar has committed serious violent attacks against many SC communities. Phoolan Devi from Mallah lower caste, was raped by upper-caste Thakurs, she later became bandit, and massacred 22 Thakurs in 1981, later she became a politician.
In my view the social setup in the Vedic age was not rational. Apart from few classes of people, there were many who were looked upon as low grade people. For example the backward class, schedule caste, and scheduled tribe people who were treated as untouchables which i think is a sinful act. This still prevails in our nation and i think it wouldn't vanish until people stop categorizing them in the name of social justice.
The Later Vedic period also known as the Epic period marks the writing of two Epics the Ramayana and Mahabharata. During this period the family continued to be fundamental unit of the society and joint family system was prevalent at that time. The caste system evolved during this period and it still continues to exist. There were four caste, the Brahmins Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Sudras. The Brabmins were the priests and teachers, the Kshatriyas were rulers and soldiers and these two caste enjoyed high position in the society. The Vaishyas were traders, artisans and farmers and the Sudras were the workers who worked for the other three castes. The division of upper caste and lower caste started during this period.
