The Muslim age in the ancient India contributed much to the restoration of touch with the outer world, which included the revival of an Indian Navy and Sea-borne trade. The two hundred years of Mughal rule gave to the whole of northern India and to, much of the Deccan also, oneness of official languages, administrative system and coinage, and also a popular dialect (Hindustani) for all the classes except the Hindu priests and the stationary village folks. The Muslim rule led to the rise of native literature. Hindi Bengali, Marathi, Urdu and other native literature got enriched. Persian, Arabic and Turkish words entered largely in the Hindi, Bengali and even Marathi languages. The paper was introduced by the Muslims as its Arabic name ‘Kaghaz’ universally used in India proves. Thus, books could be multiplied in a more attractive and durable form. Muslim contact led to an improvement in the art of war and also in civilization. The art of war was highly developed by the Muslims partly by borrowing from Europe (through Turkey) and partly through Persia. The imperial Mugal army served as a model which the Hindu Rajas eagerly imitated. The system of reinforcement was greatly improved by the Muslim in India. The Muslims, leading generally a more luxurious life than the Hindus, encouraged several manufacturers and fine arts. Since the Muslims concentrated in cities (except in East Bengal) they were tasteful, luxury-living and elegant than the Hindus in their daily life and even in their vices. The richer Hindus and particularly the official class started imitating whenever they had the means.
